In recent decades (and particularly in the last few years) the emergence of nanotechnology has changed the course of most applied sciences. The medical application of nanotechnology, known as nanomedicine, has opened doors previously unimaginable except in science fiction: the technique of controlled release now enables the creation of new drugs by changing the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Dangerous side-effects occur when drugs reach all organs of the body non-specifically; but if a drug is introduced with nanotechnological tools such as liposomes or nanoparticles it can be directed to the single place where it is meant to act. In this way yesterday's dangerous molecules can be tomorrow's solutions for today's difficult-to-treat diseases.